Phylogenetic Analysis

What is phylogenetic Analysis?

In phylogenetic analysis, branching diagrams are made to represent the evolutionary history or relationship between different species, organisms, or characteristics of an organism (genes, proteins, organs, etc.) that are developed from a common ancestor.

The diagram is known as a phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic analysis is important for gathering information on biological diversity, genetic classifications, as well as learning developmental events that occur during evolution.

With advancements in genetic sequencing techniques, phylogenetic analysis now involves the sequence of a gene to understand the evolutionary relationships among species. DNA being the hereditary material can now be sequenced easily, rapidly, and cost-effectively, and the data obtained from genetic sequencing is very informative and specific.

Also, morphological estimates can be used to infer evolutionary developments, especially in cases where genetic material is not available (fossils).

How do Researchers are using Phylogenetic analysis?

Scientists use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. Scientists consider phylogenetic trees to be a hypothesis of the evolutionary past since one cannot go back to confirm the proposed relationships. In other words, a “tree of life” can be constructed to illustrate when different organisms evolved and to show the relationships among different organisms

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