It is also known as genome-wide association study (GWAS) which is a technique used in genetics to study wide and distinct genetic variants in the organism to link them with different variations or particular disease that is associated with that trait. This approach also involves the lookup of genetic markers and examining the genomes to predict different diseases in different people. When the genetic markers are seen, they are used to understand the terminology that how to treat and prevent the genes from affecting.

CADD involves wide range of conceptual and calculating method which are associated with modern drug discovery. It plays significant role in clinical use or distant trials. It is used in drug discovery to find out future development.

It comprises molecular designing, rational designing, and computational designing. It is well-organized technique which captivates researchers to pay attention on favourable chemicals for testing their capabilities in biological and synthetic laboratories.

Network pharmacology is the combination of network biology and polypharmacology. It is an emerging discipline to understand drug interactions and actions with their multiple targets.

If there is advancement in biology system and NP then there might be chances to rationally design next generation of dissipated drugs. It regulates signal pathways, increase drug efficiency, decrease in side effects, less expensive and enhance rate of clinical trials.

It is also known as computational immunology as it is the combination of computer science and experimental immunology. It plays significant role in organizing the large amount of data as well as elaborate new hypothesis associate with immune response.

It has applications in sillico vaccination and immune system modeling, allergy, B cells, human lecocyte antigen, T cells. The tools used in immunoinformatics is IEDB, AntiJen, MHCBN, BEID, MPID-T2 which gives detail study of binding interactions.

The advancement in vaccinology which can be exploited to develop vaccine against various pathogens is termed as reverse vaccinology. Recent terminologies include comparative in silico analyses of multiple genome sequences in order to identify conserved antigens within a heterogeneous pathogen population.

They rely on the principle that target antigen of mAB will used as immunogen. The computational aid is taken to make vaccine without culture of microorganism. It has also played key role in Covid-19 vaccination.

Functional annotation involves the process of attaching biological information of genes to sequences. It assigns function to the structural elements. Gene Ontology (OG) is de facto standard of functional annotation used in large datasets, modelling and testing.

Structural Annotation is delineating and demarcating the genomic elements (such as genes, promoters, and regulatory elements). In eukaryotes, GASS produces structural genome annotation in abundance and with accuracy.